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进入 rescue 系统
救援模式下执行 Installimage 并配置
执行命令 installimage，进入到的是 Midnight Commander 编辑器。此时鼠标或上下键选择所需安装的镜像，此处选择 Ubuntu，然后进行下一步
默认选择最新的代系，此处选择 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Base)
然后进入配置文件审阅检查并根据情况修改部分配置内容，注意读注释内容
- 硬盘驱动器配置 (HARD DISK DRIVE)
DRIVE1 /dev/sda - ST4000NM0024-1HT178 (4TB)
DRIVE2 /dev/sdb - ST4000NM0024-1HT178 (4TB)这里是指的 2 块 4TB HDD 硬盘
- 软 RAID 配置 (SOFTWARE RAID)
SWRAID 1
SWRAIDLEVEL 1- 启用了软 RAID（值为1表示启用）
- RAID 级别设置为1（镜像模式），这意味着两个硬盘将互为镜像，提供数据冗余保护
- 主机名配置 (HOSTNAME)
HOSTNAME Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base设置系统主机名为"Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base"，这表明是一个基于 Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble) AMD64 架构的系统。
- 网络配置 (NETWORK CONFIG)
IPV4_ONLY no系统不限制只使用 IPv4，也支持 IPv6。
- 其他配置 (MISC CONFIG)
USE_KERNEL_MODE_SETTING no禁用了内核模式设置（KMS），这可能与显示驱动有关。
- 分区和文件系统配置 (PARTITIONS / FILESYSTEMS)
PART swap swap 32G
PART /boot ext3 1024M
PART / ext4 2014G
PART /home ext4 all分区方案如下：
- swap（交换分区）：32 GB
- /boot（引导分区）：1024 MB，使用 ext3 文件系统
- /（根分区）：2014 GB，使用 ext4 文件系统
- /home（用户目录）：使用剩余所有空间，使用 ext4 文件系统
- 操作系统镜像 (OPERATING SYSTEM IMAGE)
IMAGE /root/.oldroot/nfs/install/../images/Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base.tar.gz指定了系统安装镜像的位置，使用的是 Ubuntu 24.04 的基础镜像。
## ======================================================
## ====================
## HARD DISK DRIVE(S):
## ====================
# Device Model: ST4000NM0024-1HT178, Serial Number: Z4F129ST
DRIVE1 /dev/sda
# Device Model: ST4000NM0024-1HT178, Serial Number: Z4F12K21
DRIVE2 /dev/sdb
## ===============
## SOFTWARE RAID:
## ===============
## activate software RAID? < 0 | 1 >
SWRAID 1
## Choose the level for the software RAID < 0 | 1 | 10 >
SWRAIDLEVEL 1
## ==========
## HOSTNAME:
## ==========
## which hostname should be set?
##
HOSTNAME Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base
## ================
## NETWORK CONFIG:
## ================
# IPV4_ONLY no
## =============
## MISC CONFIG:
## =============
USE_KERNEL_MODE_SETTING no
## ==========================
## PARTITIONS / FILESYSTEMS:
## ==========================
## define your partitions and filesystems like this:
##
## PART <mountpoint/lvm/btrfs.X> <filesystem/VG> <size in MB>
##
## * <mountpoint/lvm/btrfs.X>
## mountpoint for this filesystem *OR*
## keyword 'lvm' to use this PART as volume group (VG) for LVM *OR*
## identifier 'btrfs.X' to use this PART as volume for
## btrfs subvolumes. X can be replaced with a unique
## alphanumeric keyword
## NOTE: no support btrfs multi-device volumes
## NOTE: reiserfs support is deprecated and will be removed in a future version
## * <filesystem/VG>
## can be ext2, ext3, ext4, btrfs, reiserfs, xfs, swap *OR* name
## of the LVM volume group (VG), if this PART is a VG.
## * <size>
## you can use the keyword 'all' to assign all the
## remaining space of the drive to the *last* partition.
## you can use M/G/T for unit specification in MiB/GiB/TiB
##
## notes:
## - extended partitions are created automatically
## - '/boot' cannot be on a xfs filesystem
## - '/boot' cannot be on LVM!
## - when using software RAID 0, you need a '/boot' partition
##
## example without LVM (default):
## -> 4GB swapspace
## -> 1024MB /boot
## -> 10GB /
## -> 5GB /tmp
## -> all the rest to /home
#PART swap swap 4G
#PART /boot ext2 1024M
#PART / ext4 10G
#PART /tmp xfs 5G
#PART /home ext3 all
#
##
## to activate LVM, you have to define volume groups and logical volumes
##
## example with LVM:
#
## normal filesystems and volume group definitions:
## -> 1024MB boot (not on lvm)
## -> all the rest for LVM VG 'vg0'
#PART /boot ext3 1024M
#PART lvm vg0 all
#
## logical volume definitions:
#LV <VG> <name> <mount> <filesystem> <size>
#
#LV vg0 root / ext4 10G
#LV vg0 swap swap swap 4G
#LV vg0 home /home xfs 20G
#
##
## to use btrfs subvolumes, define a volume identifier on a partition
##
## example with btrfs subvolumes:
##
## -> all space on one partition with volume 'btrfs.1'
#PART btrfs.1 btrfs all
##
## btrfs subvolume definitions:
#SUBVOL <volume> <subvolume> <mount>
#
#SUBVOL btrfs.1 @ /
#SUBVOL btrfs.1 @/usr /usr
#SUBVOL btrfs.1 @home /home
#
## your system has the following devices:
#
# Disk /dev/sda: 4.01 TB (=> 3.64 TiB)
# Disk /dev/sdb: 4.01 TB (=> 3.64 TiB)
#
## Based on your disks and which RAID level you will choose you have
## the following free space to allocate (in GiB):
# RAID 0: ~7452
# RAID 1: ~3726
#
PART swap swap 32G
PART /boot ext3 1024M
PART / ext4 2014G
PART /home ext4 all
## ========================
## OPERATING SYSTEM IMAGE:
## ========================
## full path to the operating system image
## supported image sources: local dir, ftp, http, nfs
## supported image types: tar, tar.gz, tar.bz, tar.bz2, tar.xz, tgz, tbz, txz
## examples:
#
# local: /path/to/image/filename.tar.gz
# ftp: ftp://<user>:<password>@hostname/path/to/image/filename.tar.bz2
# http: http://<user>:<password>@hostname/path/to/image/filename.tbz
# https: https://<user>:<password>@hostname/path/to/image/filename.tbz
# nfs: hostname:/path/to/image/filename.tgz
#
# for validation of the image, place the detached gpg-signature
# and your public key in the same directory as your image file.
# naming examples:
# signature: filename.tar.bz2.sig
# public key: public-key.asc
IMAGE /root/.oldroot/nfs/install/../images/Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base.tar.gz完成 Installimage 安装并重启
完成对配置文件的修改后，F10 保存退出并进行下一步操作，擦除硬盘上的所有数据
在一小会儿等待输出结束后，若无误则可以 reboot 重启
Hetzner Online GmbH - installimage
Your server will be installed now, this will take some minutes
You can abort at any time with CTRL+C ...
: Reading configuration done
: Loading image file variables done
: Loading ubuntu specific functions done
1/16 : Deleting partitions done
2/16 : Test partition size done
3/16 : Creating partitions and /etc/fstab done
4/16 : Creating software RAID level 1 done
5/16 : Formatting partitions
: formatting /dev/md/0 with swap done
: formatting /dev/md/1 with ext3 done
: formatting /dev/md/2 with ext4 done
: formatting /dev/md/3 with ext4 done
6/16 : Mounting partitions done
7/16 : Sync time via ntp done
: Importing public key for image validation done
8/16 : Validating image before starting extraction done
9/16 : Extracting image (local) done
10/16 : Setting up network config done
11/16 : Executing additional commands
: Setting hostname done
: Generating new SSH keys done
: Generating mdadm config done
: Generating ramdisk done
: Generating ntp config done
12/16 : Setting up miscellaneous files done
13/16 : Configuring authentication
: Setting root password done
done
: Enabling SSH root login with password done
14/16 : Installing bootloader grub done
15/16 : Running some ubuntu specific functions done
16/16 : Clearing log files done
INSTALLATION COMPLETE
You can now reboot and log in to your new system with the
same credentials that you used to log into the rescue system.
root@rescue ~ #重启后使用刚刚使用到的救援系统密码或密钥进行登录主机
Welcome to Ubuntu 24.04.1 LTS (GNU/Linux 6.8.0-52-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com
* Management: https://landscape.canonical.com
* Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro
System information as of Tue Apr 8 04:45:58 PM CEST 2025
System load: 2.26
Usage of /home: 0.0% of 1.61TB
Memory usage: 0%
Swap usage: 0%
Temperature: 40.0 C
Processes: 184
Users logged in: 0
IPv4 address for enp0s31f6: 138.201.196.165
IPv6 address for enp0s31f6: 2a01:4f8:172:3e6c::2
Expanded Security Maintenance for Applications is not enabled.
0 updates can be applied immediately.
Enable ESM Apps to receive additional future security updates.
See https://ubuntu.com/esm or run: sudo pro status
The list of available updates is more than a week old.
To check for new updates run: sudo apt update
root@Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base ~ #查看硬盘 smart 情况
root@Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base ~ # smartctl -a /dev/sda
smartctl 7.4 2023-08-01 r5530 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-23, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Enterprise Capacity 3.5 HDD
Device Model: ST4000NM0024-1HT178
Serial Number: Z4F12K21
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 091cb7b6b
Firmware Version: SN06
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database 7.3/5528
ATA Version is: ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Apr 8 17:07:34 2025 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 575) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 415) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x50bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 079 064 044 Pre-fail Always - 79461098
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 096 096 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 48
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 096 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 4081605708
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 017 017 000 Old_age Always - 73113
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 47
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 099 000 Old_age Always - 0 0 2
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 056 049 040 Old_age Always - 44 (Min/Max 32/44)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 11743
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 11807
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 044 051 000 Old_age Always - 44 (0 24 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 079 001 000 Old_age Always - 79461098
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 7566 -
# 2 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 7199 -
# 3 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39487 -
# 4 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39468 -
# 5 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32494 -
# 6 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32475 -
# 7 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32413 -
# 8 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32389 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32365 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32341 -
#11 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32327 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32317 -
#13 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32293 -
#14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32269 -
#15 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32245 -
#16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32221 -
#17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32197 -
#18 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32173 -
#19 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32163 -
#20 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32149 -
#21 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32125 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
The above only provides legacy SMART information - try 'smartctl -x' for moreroot@Ubuntu-2404-noble-amd64-base ~ # smartctl -a /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.4 2023-08-01 r5530 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-23, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family: Seagate Enterprise Capacity 3.5 HDD
Device Model: ST4000NM0024-1HT178
Serial Number: Z4F129ST
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 091da3cc6
Firmware Version: SN06
User Capacity: 4,000,787,030,016 bytes [4.00 TB]
Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm
Form Factor: 3.5 inches
Device is: In smartctl database 7.3/5528
ATA Version is: ACS-3 (minor revision not indicated)
SATA Version is: SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is: Tue Apr 8 17:08:55 2025 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status: (0x82) Offline data collection activity
was completed without error.
Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed
without error or no self-test has ever
been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection: ( 575) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities: (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
Suspend Offline collection upon new
command.
Offline surface scan supported.
Self-test supported.
Conveyance Self-test supported.
Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
power-saving mode.
Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported.
General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 413) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes.
SCT capabilities: (0x50bd) SCT Status supported.
SCT Error Recovery Control supported.
SCT Feature Control supported.
SCT Data Table supported.
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000f 080 064 044 Pre-fail Always - 97463513
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0003 094 094 000 Pre-fail Always - 0
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 48
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 010 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000f 095 060 045 Pre-fail Always - 3510550657
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 017 017 000 Old_age Always - 73112
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 097 Pre-fail Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 100 100 020 Old_age Always - 47
184 End-to-End_Error 0x0032 100 100 099 Old_age Always - 0
187 Reported_Uncorrect 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
188 Command_Timeout 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 0 0
189 High_Fly_Writes 0x003a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022 058 053 040 Old_age Always - 42 (Min/Max 32/42)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 11774
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 095 095 000 Old_age Always - 11851
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 042 047 000 Old_age Always - 42 (0 24 0 0 0)
195 Hardware_ECC_Recovered 0x001a 033 001 000 Old_age Always - 97463513
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0012 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0010 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x003e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error
# 1 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 7566 -
# 2 Short offline Aborted by host 10% 7211 -
# 3 Short offline Interrupted (host reset) 10% 7206 -
# 4 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 7199 -
# 5 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39487 -
# 6 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 39468 -
# 7 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32494 -
# 8 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32475 -
# 9 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32413 -
#10 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32389 -
#11 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32365 -
#12 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32341 -
#13 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32326 -
#14 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32317 -
#15 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32293 -
#16 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32269 -
#17 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32245 -
#18 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32221 -
#19 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32197 -
#20 Short offline Completed without error 00% 32173 -
#21 Extended offline Completed without error 00% 32163 -
SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
1 0 0 Not_testing
2 0 0 Not_testing
3 0 0 Not_testing
4 0 0 Not_testing
5 0 0 Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.
The above only provides legacy SMART information - try 'smartctl -x' for more